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Video Display Standars
ATSCThe Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) is the group that helped to develop the new digital television standard for the United States, also adopted by Canada, Mexico, and South Korea and being considered by other countries. It is intended to replace the NTSC system and produce wide screen 16:9 images up to 1920×1080 pixels in size—more than six times the display resolution of the earlier standard. However, a host of different image sizes are supported, so up to six standard-definition "virtual channels" can be carried in a single broadcast. ATSC also boasts "theater quality" audio because it uses the Dolby Digital (AC-3) format to provide "5.1" surround sound. Numerous auxiliary data services can also be provided.ATSC coexists with the more widely used DVB standards, and ISDB being implemented in Japan. The system includes the capability to carry PAL- and SECAM-format video (576 displayable lines, 50 fields per second) along with NTSC (480 displayable lines, 60 fields per second) and film (24 frames per second). Broadcasters who use ATSC and must retain an analog signal have to broadcast on two separate channels, as the ATSC system requires use of an entire six megahertz channel. The system has been criticized as being complicated and expensive to implement and use. Many aspects of ATSC are patented, including the AC-3 audio coding, and the VSB modulation. The standards ATSC depends on are often ambiguous, one example would be the EIA-708 standard for closed captioning. |
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DVBDVB, short for Digital Video Broadcasting, is a suite of internationally accepted, open standards for digital television maintained by the DVB Project, an industry consortium with more than 270 members, and published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electro technical Standardization (CENELEC) and European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The standards can be obtained for free at the ETSI website after registration. Integrated Services Digital BroadcastingIntegrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) is the digital television (DTV) and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) format that Japan has created to allow radio and television stations there to convert to digital.Multiplexed Analogue ComponentsMultiplexed Analogue Components (MAC) is a satellite television transmission standard, originally proposed for use on a Europe-wide terrestrial HDTV system, although it was never used terrestrially. MAC transmits luminance and chrominance data separately in time rather than separately in frequency (as other analog television formats do, such as composite video). Audio was transmitted digitally rather than as an FM sub carrier.A number of variants existed - A-MAC, B-MAC, C-MAC, D-MAC (used by British Satellite Broadcasting), D2-MAC (used to this day in Scandinavia and at the beginning of the 1990s for German and French satellite television) and HD-MAC, an early high-definition television standard allowing for 2048x1152 resolution. The MAC standard included a standard scrambling system, Euro Crypt, a precursor to the standard DVB-CSA encryption system D-MAC satellite broadcasts provided the first broadcast sourced widescreen television in Europe, and HD-MAC provided the first HDTV broadcasts, in 1992. Multiple sub-nyquist sampling EncodingMultiple sub-nyquist sampling Encoding (MUSE) is the first HDTV compression and transmission system. It was designed by NHK's Transmission Research Section from the early 1970s till its unveiling in the late 1980s. It was marketed as "Hi-Vision" by NHK.NTSCNTSC is the analog television system in use in Korea, Japan, United States, Canada and certain other places, mostly in the Americas (see map). It is named for the National Television System's) Committee, the industry-wide standardization body that created it.PALPAL, short for phase-alternating line, phase alternation by line or phase alternation line, is a colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. Other common analogue television systems are SECAM and NTSC. PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Germany, and the format was first introduced in 1967.The term "PAL" is often used informally to refer to a 625-line/50 Hz (principally European) television system, and to differentiate from a 525-line/60 Hz (principally North America/Central America/Japan) "NTSC" system. Accordingly DVDs are labeled as either "PAL" or "NTSC" (referring informally to the line-count and frame-rate) even though technically neither of them have encoded PAL or NTSC composite color. French electronics manufacturer Thomson, where Henri de France developed SECAM, later bought Telefunken. Thomson is also behind the RCA brand for consumer electronics products, and RCA created the NTSC colour TV standard (before Thomson became involved). SÉCAM SÉCAM (Séquentiel couleur avec mémoire, French for "sequential color with memory") is an analog color television system first used in France. A team led by Henri de France working at Compagnie Française de Télévision (later bought by Thomson) invented SÉCAM. It is, historically, the first European color television standard. |
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