quikchai.com
|
Quikcafe.net Quikcoffee.com Razischool.com Shenoyinteriors.com Steelfabny.com Suketu.com Tincupnecklaces.com Tituscomputer.com Yacuagami.com all about hdtv tribosaceites.com |
| quikchai.com | Aspect ratio | Video quality | Video compression method | Video Formats | Video Display Standards | Video Connection Standards | Digital Tape Formats |
Digital Tape Formats
|
Sony's D1 format was the first major professional digital video
format, introduced in 1986. D1 stored uncompressed digitized component video, encoded at YUV 4:2:2 using the CCIR 601 raster format, along with PCM audio tracks as well as time code on a 19mm (3/4") cassette tape. Uncompressed component video uses enormous bandwidth, and a simpler D2 system soon followed. The maximum record time on a D1 tape is 94 minutes. D1 was notoriously expensive and the equipment required very large infrastructure changes in facilities which upgraded to this format. Early D1 operations were plagued with difficulties, though the format quickly stabilized and was renowned for its superlative image quality. D1 is still in some usage as of 2003, and many of the technologies introduced with this format are still common to more recent digital videotape formats. Panasonic's D5 format has similar specifications, but was introduced much later. |
|
D2 (video format)D2 is a professional digital video tape format created by Ampex and other manufacturers through a standards group of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) and introduced at the 1988 NAB (National Association of Broadcasters) convention as a lower-cost alternative to the D1 format. Like D1, D2 video is uncompressed; however, it saves bandwidth and other costs by sampling a fully-encoded NTSC or PAL composite video signal, and storing it directly to magnetic tape, rather than sampling component video. This is known as digital composite.Ampex conceived of D2 as a more practical solution for TV Broadcasters since it could be inserted into existing broadcast chains and studio facilities without extensive redesign or modifications. This was because, among other things, in addition to its lower purchase and operating costs this D2 composite digital tape transport accepted standard RS-170A analog inputs and outputs. Four audio channels are available for editing as well as an analog cue channel. D2 was the first digital tape format to offer "read before write" (an Ampex term) also known as "preread" on Sony recorders. Read before write allowed simultaneous playback and recording on the same VTR. For example a title could be super imposed over existing video already on the same video tape by playing the tape through a production switcher, adding the title, and recording the new composite image back onto the same location of the tape. This eliminated the need for an additional recorder and saved considerable time in linear editing. If the digital inputs and outputs are used with a digital composite switcher multigenerational performance is excellent. Hundreds of layers of video is possible without image quality loss. Ampex D2 tape transports are extremely fast. High speed search at +/-60 times play speed with a recognizable color picture meant that you can search through three hours of videotape in just three minutes. D2 used 19mm (¾) metal particle tape loaded into three different sized cassettes. PCM-encoded audio and time code are also recorded on the tape. Although the D2 tapes are similar in appearance to the D1 format, they are not interchangeable. D2 had a relatively brief heyday. As of 2003, only a handful of broadcasters use the D2 format, and even then only to access materials recorded when the format was more popular. Panasonic's competing composite digital format is known as D3. Beta camBeta cam is a family of half-inch professional videotape formats developed by Sony from 1982 onwards.All use the same shape cassettes, meaning vaults and other storage facilities do not have to be changed when upgrading to a new format. The cassettes come in two sizes: S and L. Beta cam cameras can only load S tapes, while VTRs can play both S and L tapes. The cassette shell and case for each Beta cam cassette is colored differently depending on the format, allowing for easy visual identification. There is also a mechanical key that allows a video tape recorder to tell which format has been inserted. High Definition Video (HDVHigh Definition Video (HDV) is a video format designed to record compressed HDTV video on standard DV media (DV or MiniDV cassette tape).ProHD is JVC's extension of the HDV video format, and adds provision for 24p (24 frames per second, progressive scan.) D-VHSD-VHS is a digital video format developed by JVC, in collaboration with Hitachi, Matsushita and Philips. It uses the same physical cassette format and recording mechanism as VHS, and is capable of recording and displaying both standard definition and high definition content. The content data format is in MPEG 2. The format was introduced in 2004.HD content is stored at 28.2 Mbit/s, while SD content can be stored at bit rates from 14.2 Mbit/s down to 2.0 Mbit/s. The most capacious D-VHS cassette can store 3.5 hours of HD content and between 7 and 49 hours of SD content, equivalent to 44 gigabytes of video data. This cassette contains 420 meters (1,378 feet) of tape, equivalent to a 3.5 hour NTSC or 4.9 hour PAL VHS cassette. Digital Video (DV) is a video format launched in 1996, and, in its smaller tape form factor MiniDV, has since become one of the standards for consumer and semiprofessional video production. The DV specification (originally known as the Blue Book, current official name IEC 61834) defines both the codec and the tape format. Features include intraframe compression for uncomplicated editing, a standard interface for transfer to non-linear editing systems (FireWire also known as IEEE 1394), and good video quality, especially compared to earlier consumer analog formats such as 8 mm, Hi-8 and VHS-C. DV now enables filmmakers to produce movies inexpensively, associated with no-budget cinema. There have been some variants on the DV standard, most notably the more professional DVCAM and DVCPRO standards by Sony and Panasonic, respectively. Also, there is a recent high-definition version called HDV, which is rather different on a technical level since it only uses the DV and MiniDV tape form factor, but MPEG-2 for compression (and, as a result, records higher resolution but more highly compressed video). Digital Video (DV) is a video format launched in 1996, and, in its smaller tape form factor MiniDV, has since become one of the standards for consumer and semiprofessional video production. The DV specification (originally known as the Blue Book, current official name IEC 61834) defines both the codec and the tape format. Features include intraframe compression for uncomplicated editing, a standard interface for transfer to non-linear editing systems (FireWire also known as IEEE 1394), and good video quality, especially compared to earlier consumer analog formats such as 8 mm, Hi-8 and VHS-C. DV now enables filmmakers to produce movies inexpensively, associated with no-budget cinema. There have been some variants on the DV standard, most notably the more professional DVCAM and DVCPRO standards by Sony and Panasonic, respectively. Also, there is a recent high-definition version called HDV, which is rather different on a technical level since it only uses the DV and MiniDV tape form factor, but MPEG-2 for compression (and, as a result, records higher resolution but more highly compressed video). MicroMV was a videotape format introduced in 2001 by Sony. A cassette is physically smaller than a Digital8 or DV cassette. In fact, MicroMV is the smallest videotape format — 70% smaller than MiniDV or about the size of two quarters across. Each cassette can hold up to 60 minutes of video. The MicroMV format does not use the highly popular DV format. Instead, it uses 12 Mbit/s MPEG-2 compression, like that used for DVDs and HDV. Footage recorded on MicroMV format cannot be directly edited with computer DV editing software. Sony supplies its own video editing software (for Windows PCs only). MicroMV has not been a successful format. Currently, Sony is the only electronics manufacturer to sell MicroMV cameras. As of January 2006, Sony does not offer any new MicroMV camcorder models. The use of MPEG-2 produces effective lock-in to Sony's editing software, though ironically, third-party freeware has appeared that is capable of handling video capture from the camcorder and the data stream can be edited by anything capable of handling MPEG-2. On Linux you may use GrabMV to capture micromv clips. The transport stream MPEG-2 clips can then be viewed by most popular video players, such as Totem (both Xine and gstreamer backends) or MPlayer. Recent development of the sequence editor in Blender allows to work with MPEG-2 TS transparently thanks to FFMPEG. 'Digital-8 (or D8)' is a consumer digital videotape format developed by Sony in the late 1990s. The Digital8 format is the combination of the venerable Hi8 tape transport with the DV codec. Digital8 equipment uses the same videocassette-media as analog Hi8 equipment, but differs in that the audio/video signal is encoded digitally (using the industry-standard DV codec.) Since Digital8 uses the DV codec, it has identical audio and video specifications. To facilitate digital-recording on existing 8mm videocassettes, the tape-media is moved linearly past the recording-heads at higher speed, while the video head-drum spins 2.5x faster. For both NTSC and PAL Digital8 equipment, a standard-length cassette will store 60 minutes (at Standard Play.) Current Digital8 equipment can also record in Long Play (LP) mode, which increases recording-time from 60minutes to 90minutes. A few vendors sell long-duration tapes, with an SP recording-time of 90 minutes (or 125 minutes in LP.) Digital8 (SP) recordings can be made on standard-grade Video8 cassettes, but this practice is discouraged. Hi8 metal-particle cassettes are the recommended type for Digital8 recording. |
|
Nofeerentals.com No fee apartment rentals in Long Island City, New york
Long Island City is an area with attached and semi-attached townhouses and multi-family homes are most common; studios and one-bedrooms are in comparatively short supply, there’s still a large immigrant population.
http://www.nofeerentals.com/new-york/queens/long-island-city.asp
Notasinc.com Stained glass,hand painted stained glass paintings, Joan Miro reproductions
Stained glass hand painted stained glass paintings, Joan Miro reproductions
http://www.notasinc.com/stained_glass_painting.htm
Lansend.com: Microsoft Certified Computer consultants in New York, NY
Microsoft Certified Computer consultants providing computer and network consulting services in New York ,NY Manhattan Queens, Lan Wan Networking VPN.
http://www.lansend.com
| quikchai.com | Aspect ratio | Video quality | Video compression method | Video Formats | Video Display Standards | Video Connection Standards | Digital Tape Formats |